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Dongbei - The Cold North
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The North China Plain, comprising the three Chinese provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Chinese called this Dongbei, which liberally means East-North. The old name Manchuria is still used because this was once the territory of the Manchu. The Manchu Qing dynasty had prohibited the settlement of Chinese in this region until the middle of the last century when under the pressure of the expanding population and the confusions of the Taiping Rebellion in 1850 - 1864. Today there is about 100 million people live in this north - eastern region.

Liaoning Province :
Shenyang is the capital of Liaoning Province is 840 km from Beijing, This town with a population of 4.5 million is also known as Mukden by the Manchurian. Shenyang is an important meeting point of several transport routes in the north-east and is also the most important industrial cities in China. It did not gain any importance until the Song dynasty when it became a centre of trade for nomadic livestock breeders. Its rises to fame under the Qing dynasty, for Liaoning was and is still the home of the Manchu. The greatest building dating from the time the Manchu-Qing dynasty in Liaoning is the Imperial Palace in Shenyang, the most complete and best preserved palace complex after the Imperial Palace in Beijing. It was built in 1625, after the Manchu had declared Shenyang to be their capital and contains more than 300 buildings in an area covering more than 60,000 sq metres. Anshan , some 80 km from Shenyang is a city of millions and here one of the largest iron and steel works in China is found. Anshan is a base for pleasant visit to the scenically attractive Qianshan Mountain, with its ancient pines, pavilions , temples and monasteries dating from the Ming and Qing periods. Dalian, a port lies on the tip of Liaoning peninsula is one of the most important ice-free harbour for the People’s of Republic of China. The city, surrounded by greenery in the summer, is also a favourite place for holidays and excursions. Particularly charming is the Nature Park of Laohutan right by the sea.

Jilin Province :

Changchun is the capital of Jilin Province. The town of Changchun on the Yitong river did not become important until it became the terminus of the Manchurian railway built by skilled Russian labour. Changchun is an industrial and university town, is well known for its car manufacturing works. Because of its large park, Changchun is often known as the "town of woodland". To the south-east of Changchun lies Tonghua, a wine-producing town. From Tonghua by train or bus, we will reach Ji’an on the Chinese-Korean border. The most famous peak along the Chinese-Korean border is the White Head Mountain with its crater lake, the beautiful Lake of Heaven.

Heilongjian Province :

Harbin, the capital of Heilongjian Province has a population of 3 million. The distance from Beijing to Harbin is almost 1,400 km. Harbin or Place for Drying Fish lies along Songhua river which joins Heilongjian river to the north. The impression of this industrial city is one of industrial sites and newly built apartment houses that all look alike and are familiar sight all over China. There are 17 Christian churches in Harbin, many of them built in neo-Gothic style. Another of the few interesting sights is Jile Temple, built in 1924, in the Nangang district. The winter are very cold and temperatures can fall as low as minus 38 degree Celsius. For this reason, ice sailing is one of the most popular sports in Harbin. Human figures, pavilions and whole palaces are hacked out of huge blocks of ice. About 260km from Harbin to the north-west is the big city of Qiqihar. Qiqihar has only few sights of cultural interest, among them a Buddhist temple and a mosque. In the winter, ice sculptors exhibit their works in some of the big parks. Some 20 km from Qiqihar, in the swamps around the Zhalong Lake, is a nature reserve where the rare red -crowned and white-naped cranes lives.

   
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