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Dongbei - The Cold North
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The North
China Plain,
comprising the three Chinese provinces of Liaoning,
Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Chinese called this Dongbei,
which liberally means East-North. The old name Manchuria
is still used because this was once the territory of the
Manchu. The Manchu Qing dynasty had prohibited the
settlement of Chinese in this region until the middle of
the last century when under the pressure of the expanding
population and the confusions of the Taiping Rebellion in
1850 - 1864. Today there is about 100 million people live
in this north - eastern region.
- Liaoning
Province :
- Shenyang is
the capital of Liaoning Province is 840 km from
Beijing, This town with a population of 4.5
million is
also known as Mukden by the
Manchurian. Shenyang is an important meeting
point of several transport routes in the
north-east and is also the most important
industrial cities in China. It did not gain any
importance until the Song dynasty when it became
a centre of trade for nomadic livestock breeders.
Its rises to fame under the Qing dynasty, for
Liaoning was and is still the home of the Manchu.
The greatest building dating from the time the
Manchu-Qing dynasty in Liaoning is the Imperial
Palace in Shenyang, the most complete and best
preserved palace complex after the Imperial
Palace in Beijing. It was built in 1625, after
the Manchu had declared Shenyang to be their
capital and contains more than 300 buildings in
an area covering more than 60,000 sq metres.
Anshan , some 80 km from Shenyang is a city of
millions and here one of the largest iron and
steel works in China is found. Anshan is a base
for pleasant visit to the scenically attractive
Qianshan Mountain, with its ancient pines,
pavilions , temples and monasteries dating from
the Ming and Qing periods. Dalian, a port lies on
the tip of Liaoning peninsula is one of the most
important ice-free harbour for the Peoples
of Republic of China. The city, surrounded by
greenery in the summer, is also a favourite place
for holidays and excursions. Particularly
charming is the Nature Park of Laohutan right by
the sea.
- Jilin
Province :
Changchun is the capital of Jilin
Province. The town of Changchun on the Yitong
river did not become important until it became
the terminus of the Manchurian railway built by
skilled Russian labour. Changchun is an
industrial and university town, is well known for
its car manufacturing works. Because of its large
park, Changchun is often known as the "town
of woodland". To the south-east of Changchun
lies Tonghua, a wine-producing town. From Tonghua
by train or bus, we will reach Jian on the
Chinese-Korean border. The most famous peak along
the Chinese-Korean border is the White Head
Mountain with its crater lake, the beautiful Lake
of Heaven.
Heilongjian
Province :
Harbin, the capital of Heilongjian
Province has a population of 3 million. The distance from
Beijing to Harbin is almost 1,400 km. Harbin or Place for
Drying Fish lies along Songhua river which joins
Heilongjian river to the north. The impression of this
industrial city is one of industrial sites and newly
built apartment houses that all look alike and are
familiar sight all over China. There are 17 Christian
churches in Harbin, many of them built in neo-Gothic
style. Another of the few interesting sights is Jile
Temple, built in 1924, in the Nangang district. The
winter are very cold and temperatures can fall as low as
minus 38 degree Celsius. For this reason, ice sailing is
one of the most popular sports in Harbin. Human figures,
pavilions and whole palaces are hacked out of huge blocks
of ice. About 260km from Harbin to the north-west is the
big city of Qiqihar. Qiqihar has only few sights of
cultural interest, among them a Buddhist temple and a
mosque. In the winter, ice sculptors exhibit their works
in some of the big parks. Some 20 km from Qiqihar, in the
swamps around the Zhalong Lake, is a nature reserve where
the rare red -crowned and white-naped cranes lives.
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