Bordered by Burma and Laos, characterised by forested mountains - lower extremities of Himalayan foothills - and fertile river valleys, northern Thailand encompasses part of the fabled Golden Triangle and was the cradle of Thai civilisation where, several centuries ago, small independent kingdoms held away.

In 1238, the aptly named Sukhothai ('Dawn of Happiness') become the first truly independent Thai kingdom where the Thai alphabet was created and nascent art forms developed.

Diverse elements, including crisp mountain scenery, exotic hill tribes, forests worked by elephants, colourful festivals, invigorating Cool Season weather, ancient cities, exquisite northern Thai and Burmese style temples, and friendly people contribute to northern Thailand's enduring charm.